MRCS part A

1. Surgical Pharmacology Antibiotics: Common surgical infections, appropriate prophylaxis, and treatment regimens. Pain Management: Analgesic drugs (e.g., opioids, NSAIDs), epidural, and regional blocks. Anesthetic Drugs: General anesthesia agents, local anesthetics, muscle relaxants. 2. Surgical Infection Control Sepsis: Diagnosis, management (fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, source control). Antiseptic Techniques: Use of iodine, alcohol, and other agents in preventing infections. Nosocomial Infections: Common surgical infections, resistance mechanisms, prevention strategies.

1. Basic Surgical Skills Sterile Techniques: Aseptic principles, surgical scrubbing, gowning, and gloving. Wound Closure: Suturing techniques, types of sutures, knots, staples. Incisions: Choice of incisions based on the anatomy (e.g., midline, paramedian, transverse). Drains and Dressings: Indications, types of drains (e.g., Penrose, Jackson-Pratt), and types of dressings. 2. Preoperative and Postoperative Care Preoperative Assessment: Risk stratification (ASA classification), preoperative investigations (e.g., ECG, blood tests), fasting guidelines. Anesthesia: Types of anesthesia (general, regional, local), monitoring, complications (e.g., malignant hyperthermia). Postoperative Management: Pain control, infection prevention, monitoring for complications (e.g., DVT, pulmonary embolism). Complications of Surgery: Hemorrhage, shock, wound infection, organ failure, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE).

1. Trauma Primary Survey (ABCDE): Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure. Trauma Triage: Severity scoring (e.g., ISS, RTS). Trauma of Specific Organs: Head (concussion, epidural hematoma), chest (pneumothorax, rib fractures), abdomen (splenic rupture, bowel perforation), pelvis (fractures, hemorrhage), extremities (fractures, dislocations). Trauma Imaging: FAST, CT, X-rays. Emergency Surgery Abdominal Emergencies: Acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, perforated peptic ulcer, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis. Acute Abdomen: Differential diagnosis (e.g., ischemia, infection, inflammation). Thoracic Emergencies: Tension pneumothorax, hemothorax, chest trauma.

1. Gastrointestinal Surgery Common Procedures: Appendectomy, cholecystectomy, hernia repair, bowel resection. Conditions: Peptic ulcer disease, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, diverticulosis. Colorectal Surgery: Diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, stoma formation. 2. Endocrine Surgery Thyroid Surgery: Thyroidectomy, goiter, thyroid malignancies. Parathyroid Surgery: Hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy. Adrenal Surgery: Adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome. 3. Vascular Surgery Peripheral Arterial Disease: Atherosclerosis, arterial bypass, angioplasty. Venous Disease: Varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), thrombophlebitis. Aortic Disease: Abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection. Trauma: Vascular injury, hemorrhage control. 4. Orthopedic Surgery Fractures: Classification (e.g., Gustilo-Anderson for open fractures), management (casting, fixation). Dislocations: Shoulder, hip, knee. Soft Tissue Injuries: Tendon ruptures, ligament injuries.